柏林:城市街道的民主与活力

Berlin: The Democracy and Vitality of City Streets

柏林在1990年德国统一之后重新成为民主德国的首都,东西柏林的历史隔阂和发展失衡的问题在新柏林城必须得到弥补,柏林墙倒塌后的裂痕地带在统一柏林的建设中成为联系东西柏林的纽带,政府区、中央火车站等一系列重要的城市功能区都规划建设在这一带。整个新柏林的规划建设都充满了联邦德国的反思,历史上希特勒独裁政治的伤疤、东西德的分裂促使重新统一后的德国对政治的透明性的重视,以坦诚的姿态表达对于"民主"的尊重。不仅是政治建筑本身,新柏林公共空间的设计和管理都反映出德国当局对于民主的态度——属于公众的城市空间在政治性空间中所占的地位是什么。街道是城市中最常见的开放空间,直接为市民的通行、休闲服务,在公众城市生活中占有重要分量。文章在柏林对几个较政治化的区域的街道空间进行了考察分析,探讨柏林如何保证城市街道的民主性,让街道生活充满活力。

Berlin became the capital of Germany again after 1990. The history estrangement and imbalance of East and West Berlin must be remedied in new Berlin. The rift zone of the Berlin Wall became the link to contact the East and West. The Government District and Central Station and other important city ribbons are located here. The reunified Germany value the openness of politics, and respect the democracy frankly. The public open space of new Berlin reflect the government＇s attitude to the Democracy： What＇s the status of the public space in the political space. Streets are the most common open space in city, and are important to city life. This article is based on studies of several streets in Berlin＇s politcal zones, and probes how to maintain the democracy and vitality of city streets.