六价铬污染地区居民的消化系统健康损害调查分析

Investigation of digestive system damage of residents in areas polluted by hexavalent chromium

目的探讨环境六价铬污染地区一般人群消化系统存在的健康问题。方法在锦州某具有50年六价铬污染历史的铁合金厂附近,选择六价铬污染程度较重、较轻以及无污染的3个研究区域。采用整群随机抽样的方法,对2 473名居民做健康状况问卷调查。结果按照六价铬污染程度由重到轻,3个研究区域的总消化系统症状(恶心、呕吐、消化不良、腹泻、腹痛、胃痉挛和嘴角糜烂)现患率依次为36.08%、8.23%和0.73%;肝胆疾病现患率依次为2.78%、1.51%和1.16%;消化性溃疡现患率依次为1.14%、0.50%和0.29%。各消化系统症状、肝胆疾病和消化性溃疡均明显呈现六价铬污染越重,患病风险越大的现象。胃肠炎、胰腺炎患病情况与六价铬污染程度未呈现明显相关。结论长期生活在六价铬污染地区的人群存在一定程度的消化系统损害。

Objective To investigate the residents＇ status of digestive system in hexavalent chromium contaminated areas.Methods 2 473 residents in Jinzhou were randomly selected from three villages near an alloy plant with 50 years of hexavalent chromium pollution by cluster sampling.The three villages are seriously polluted,slightly polluted and unpolluted areas respectively.A questionnaire-based survey was conducted.Results Based on the pollutant level from heavy to light,the total prevalence of the digestive system symptoms （nausea,emesis,dyspepsia,diarrhea,stomachache,gastro spasm,erosion of angulus oris） in the three study areas was 36.08％,8.23％ and 0.73％ respectively,and the prevalence of liver and gall diseases was 2.78％,1.51％ and 1.16％ successively,and the prevalence of peptic ulcer was 1.14％,0.50％ and 0.29％ successively.The more polluted,the higher the prevalence of each digestive system symptoms,liver and gall diseases and peptic ulcer was.Neither of the prevalence of gastrointestinal inflammation and pancreatitis statistically significant correlated to the pollution level.Conclusions Exposure to hexavalent chromium in the environment chronically leads to digestive system.