考古学与文物保护--在贵州省文物考古研究所召开的学术报告会上的演讲

Archaeology and Cultural Relic Conservation

"文物"所表述的内涵很广,属于物质文化范畴;"考古学"研究的追求是历史与文化,属认识范畴。考古学的研究,是将物质文化转化成精神文化。考古学研究的仅是考古学文化表述的考古学遗存的这类文物,故考古学所涉及的文物,仅是文物的一部分。随着考古学的发展,考古学研究范畴随之日益扩大。考古学所涉及的文物,虽是文物的一部分,但这部分文物却是文物中很重要的一部分文物,正是考古学研究了这部分文物,才使考古学成为了显学。要实现中国考古学的持续发展,则必须以文物保护为支撑。为此,就要将考古工作纳入文物保护体制中来,并必需从理论、认识、管理和实践诸方面趋利避害地做到将考古工作纳入文物保护体制之中。

The term ‘cultural relic’ presents a wide range of material cultures while ‘archaeology’ is the study of the history and culture of the past applying the scientific inquiry into spiritual matters, that is, trying to interpret material culture into spiritual culture. Although reaching more areas, archaeological research focuses on the representative remains defined as an important part of cultural heritages by archaeological culture. The cultural relics are archaeologically analyzed, followed by the progress of science of archaeology. But the sustainable development of Chinese archaeology depends on the conservation of cultural relics in China. Therefore, it is very much significant to make archaeological work a part of the administration of cultural relic conservation and preservation seeking benefits, avoiding disadvantages.