意识形态福利视角下的养老模式——城市社区养老和机构养老的比较分析

Supporting Model Under the Ideological Welfare Perspective——A Comparative Analysis of Urban Community Support and Institution Support

中国是世界上老龄人口最多的国家,如何对养老模式进行深入研究,目前已经成为研究民生问题的重点。在以政策、制度、意识形态概念作为养老模式的解释框架下,试图为养老模式提供一个行动与结构的研究视角。其中制度结构影响养老模式的形成,政府政策影响养老模式的结构,意识形态福利视角影响养老模式的性质。故意识形态福利视角下养老模式应该表现出怎样的结构、达到一种什么样的目标,便成为养老模式建构的基础。西方国家关于养老模式的研究已非常多见,而中国目前面临的是一方面老龄人口逐年增多,另一方面传统养老模式面临挑战,因此在借鉴西方国家养老模式的同时如何积极探索适合中国社会发展的养老模式便显得尤为重要。

The fact that China being the most populous country of the aged necessitated a further study on the supporting model, which has also become the focal point of the Chinese livelihood. This paper tries to provide a feasible and structural framework for studies in line with the current issues of policies, systems and ideological concepts. The discussion focuses on the point that, for the supporting model, its formation is influenced by a nation＇s insti- tutional system, its structure affected by governmental policies, and its nature impacted by the ideological welfare vision. Therefore, under the vision of ideological welfare, the basis for the construction of supporting model should concentrate on what structure it takes and what goals it is after. Studies on supporting models in western countries have been popular- ized whereas in China, we are facing challenges both in the increasing number of the aged population and the inadequacy of the supporting models. Thus, it is of crucial importance to actively group out a supporting model best suitable for China＇s social development with care- ful reference of that of western countries.