广东及海南蝙蝠乙型脑炎病毒血清抗体的检测

Detection of serum antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus in bats in Hainan and Guangdong Provinces of China

目的：对蝙蝠血清进行乙型脑炎病毒（JEV）抗体的检测，了解蝙蝠感染JEV情况。方法2013年，我们在广东省和海南省采集蝙蝠，对采集到的蝙蝠心脏取血，分离血清，采用间接ELISA试验和病毒中和试验对血清进行JEV抗体的检测。结果间接ELISA检测201份蝙蝠血清，JEV抗体阳性率46.27%（93/201），其中，海南蝙蝠阳性率88.89%（48/54），广东蝙蝠阳性率30.61%（45/147）。在棕果蝠、普通长翼蝠、普通伏翼蝠和大耳菊头蝠血清中均检测到JEV抗体，普通长翼蝠（海南）阳性率最高达95.56%（43/45）。采用病毒中和试验对28份间接ELISA检测阳性的蝙蝠血清进行检测，阳性率53.57%（15/28），中和抗体滴度在1∶10~1∶28.22之间。结论不同地区和多个种类蝙蝠可自然感染JEV，且感染率较高，蝙蝠在JEV循环中的意义值得进一步探讨。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of serum antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus （JEV） in bats. Methods Blood samples from the heart were obtained from bats captured in Guangdong and Hainan Provinces in 2013. The anti-JEV antibodies in bat sera were tested using indirect ELISA and virus neutralization test. Results A total of 201 bat serum samples were tested, in which the total positivity rate of anti-JEV antibodies was 46.27%（93/201）. The positive rate of anti-JEV antibodies in bats from Hainan and Guangdong Provinces was 88.89% （48/54） and 30.61% （45/147）, respectively. All the samples from Rousettus leschenaultia, Miniopterus schreibersii, Pipistrellus abramus, and Rhinolophus macrotis were positive for anti-JEV antibodies, and up to 95.56%（43/45） of the samples from Miniopterus schreibersii （from Hainan Province） yielded positive results. Of the 28 samples with positive results by indirect ELISA, 15 showed positive results in virus neutralization test （53.57%） with neutralization antibody titers ranging from 1∶10 to 1∶28.22. Conclusion Bats from different regions and of different species can be naturally infected with JEV and have a high prevalence of anti-JEV antibodies in their sera. The role of bats in the natural cycle of JEV awaits further study.