自噬与肿瘤关系研究新进展

Progress on association between autophagy and cancer

自噬是一种高度保守的细胞代谢过程，细胞中的蛋白质和细胞器被包裹在自噬体中并运送到溶酶体降解。已发现自噬与神经退行性疾病、肿瘤等多种疾病关系密切，尤其是与肿瘤的关系研究备受关注。自噬在肿瘤的发生、发展中有“双刃剑”作用，即自噬抑制肿瘤的发生但在肿瘤形成后会促进肿瘤发展。肿瘤化疗或放疗过程中会诱导自噬的发生，且一般认为是保护作用。自噬是肿瘤治疗的潜在重要靶标，但由于自噬在肿瘤中的很多作用并未明确，欲通过调控自噬来提高肿瘤疗效尚待更多研究。

Autophagy is an evolutionarily well conserved cellular catabolic process . Cellular proteins and organelles are engulfed to autophagosomes and eventually delivered to lysosomes for degradation .Autophagy is closely associated with a variety of human diseases especially cancer .At present , it has been widely accepted that autophagy is a“double-edged sword” in cancer： it blocks tumorigenesis at the early stage , while it facilitates tumor development at the promotion and progression stage . Moreover , autophagy can be induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy , which is generally play a pro-survival function .Thus, autophagy is an important target for cancer therapy , and suppression of autophagy to enhance the efficacy of cancer therapeutic agents is a novel strategy in cancer therapy under active clinical trials .