皖北某地区小学高年级留守和非留守儿童攻击行为与父母依恋状况及其关系分析

The aggressive behavior and parental attachment in left-behind and non-left-behind senior pupils in north of Anhui Province and their relationships

目的：了解皖北某地区小学高年级农村留守和非留守儿童攻击行为与亲子依恋的状况,并探索二者之间的关系。方法：采用分层整群随机抽样法,抽取皖北某地区农村小学4-6年级学生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括儿童的一般情况、攻击行为问卷和亲子依恋问卷。采用多重线性回归法分析儿童攻击行为与亲子依恋的关系。结果：儿童攻击行为方面,父亲单方打工与父母均打工男童身体攻击行为得分高于非留守男童（P〈0.05）,父母均打工留守女童身体攻击行为得分高于非留守儿童和父、母单方打工的留守女童（P〈0.05）;儿童父母依恋方面,各年级比较显示,四年级男童父、母亲近维度得分均高于五、六年级（P〈0.01）,而四、五年级女童高于六年级（P〈0.05）;留守儿童攻击行为与父母依恋四维度关系显示：父母依恋得分高的儿童,其攻击行为低（P〈0.05-P〈0.01）。男童方面,非留守和父亲单方打工儿童攻击行为及其因子影响因素仅为母亲信赖维度,母亲单方打工留守男童的影响因素有父亲信赖和亲近2个维度,父、母均打工男童攻击行为的影响因素为父、母亲近2个维度;女童方面,父、母依恋4个维度中影响非留守女童的因素仅有母亲信赖维度,母亲单方打工女童的影响维度为父、母信赖,父亲单方打工的影响维度有父、母信赖与母亲亲近3个维度,父、母均打工儿童攻击行为的影响维度有父、母信赖和父、母亲近4个维度。结论：留守因素主要影响女童攻击行为;亲子依恋关系对不同性别、不同留守类型儿童攻击行为的影响不同,针对性地建立安全的亲子依恋关系可有效减少儿童的攻击行为。

Objective ：To investigate the aggressive behavior and parental attachment in left-behind and non-left-behind senior pupils in north of Anhui province and their relationships. Methods：The general situation, aggressive behavior and parental attachment of the grade 4 to 6 rural elementary school left-behind children were investigated using stratified cluster random sampling. The relationship between children＇s aggressive behavior and parental attachment was analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results ：The scores of the physical aggression behavior in left-behind boys with father or parents going out for work were higher than those in non-left-behind boys （P 〈 0.05 ）. The scores of the aggressive behavior in left-behind girls with parents going out for work were higher than that in non-left- behind girls and left-behind girls with single parents going out for work（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The scores of the parental close dimensions in grade 4 were higher than those in grade 5 and 6 boys （P 〈 0.01 ）, and the scores of the parental close dimension in grade 4 and 5 were higher than those in grade 6 girls （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The relationships between the aggressive behavior and parenal attachment dimension in left- behind children showed they were negative correlation（P 〈 0.05 to P 〈 0.01 ）. The trust dimension of mother-child attachment was the influencing factor of aggressive behavior in boys of non-left-behind and father unilateral wage, trust and close dimensions of father-child influencing factors of aggressive behavior in boys of mother unilateral wage, and trust dimensions of the parent-child were the influencing factor of aggressive behavior in left-behind boys. The trust dimension of mother-child was the influencing factor of aggressive behavior in the left-behind girls, the parent-child trust was the influencing factor of aggressive behavior in girls of mother unilateral wage, the three dimensions of the parent-child attachment and mother-child attachment were the influencing factor of aggressive behavior in girls of father unilateral wage, and the four dimensions of parent- child attachment all were the influencing factor of aggressive behavior in the left-behind children. Conclusions：The left-behind is the main factor of aggressive behavior in girls. The parental attachment has different effects on the aggressive behavior of different types of left-behind children. To establish a secure parental attachment relationship can effectively reduce the aggressive behavior of left-behind children.