近代中国民众主体意识考察与反思

The Investigationand Introspection of the Main Consciousness of Chinese People in Modern History

近代中国国难蔓延与中央政府的威权衰落,不仅使民众打通了"救己"与"救国"之间的内在逻辑关联,更形成了强烈的主体地位自觉。在具体的救国实践探索中,民众逐渐认识到了只有彻底打破既有政治秩序才是实现民族独立的唯一出路,进而在历史斗争过程中确立了自己的主体地位。民众主体意识在近代勃兴的过程基本上就是对其自身与时代关系的认知演变过程,因而对于在现代如何处理其自身与时代关系产生了复杂而深刻的影响。对近代民众主体意识形成过程及其现实张力的考察证明,对现时代的民众而言,最重要的是如何正确发挥主体作用,而其前提又是立足现实理性反思近代民众主体意识,进而实现主体地位的再自觉。

The spread of China＇s national crisis and the decaying of central government authori- ty in modern history not only made people connect the internal logical relationships between“save yourself”and “save the nation”but also brought about a strong subjective status conscious to Chi- nese. In the exploration of the concrete practice of saving the nation, people gradually realized that the completely breaking of the existing political order is the only way to achieve national inde- pendence. Meanwhile, people established their dominant position in the historical struggle process. The investigation of the forming process of people＇s subject consciousness in modern his- tory shows that, for people in the modern times, the most important thing is how to correctly play their subjective roles.