碳元素同素异形体的稳定性

The Stability of Carbon Allotropes

碳元素有多种同素异形体,其稳定性可根据能量判据进行判断。一般认为,石墨是标准状况下碳元素最稳定的同素异形体,其标准摩尔生成焓被定为参考值0k J/mol。近来亦有研究说明金刚石在0K下更稳定。一些文献认为富勒烯比石墨更稳定的说法是错误的,应予纠正。

There are several allotropes of carbon and their stability can be judged by energy criterion. Of the most common allotropes, graphite is the most stable under the standard condition, and its standard molar enthalpy of formation is taken as the reference value OkJ/mol in physical chemistry. Recently, some researchers reported that di- amond would be more stable than graphite at OK. It should also be stressed that the claim that fullerene is more stable graphite is wrong.