多维贫困“行动—结构”分析框架的建构——基于可持续生计、脆弱性、社会排斥三种分析框架的融合

Construction of the Multidimensional Poverty“Action-Structure”Framework——Based on the Integration of the Three Analytical Frameworks of Sustainable Livelihood,Vulnerability,and Social Exclusion

多维贫困研究的三种基本分析框架未能实现贫困研究结构主义范式与个体主义范式的有效融合,对结构性致贫因素与个体性致贫因素内在相互建构机理解析不充分。以生计资本转换(交换行动)为切入点,依据行动与结构的"嵌入性"关联来分析区域交换系统对转换的影响,并阐释生计风险、国家制度如何影响转换,能够融合三种分析框架的核心观点。建立多维贫困"行动—结构"分析框架的意义在于:通过生计资本转换获得生计资本福利是生计可持续的内在动力;交换行动嵌入于区域交换系统受到交换属性制约;生计资本转换能力是生计风险应对能力的内核;生计资本转换的路径依赖维系了社会分层并导致社会排斥,国家制度的公平正义性对于维持社会排斥或促进社会融合具有关键意义。

The basic frameworks of sustainable livelihood,vulnerability,or social exclusion fail to effectively combine structural and individual paradigms of poverty research;they only provide insufficient analysis of internal interaction between structural and individual factors that lead to poverty. Based on the'embedded'correlation of action and structure,through the study of livelihood capital conversion(exchange action),analysis of how regional exchange system affects the conversion of livelihood capital and explanation of livelihood risks and the influence of state system on conversion will integrate the essential viewpoints the three frameworks. The significance of constructing the'action- structure'analytical framework of multidimensional poverty lies in the following findings:obtaining the benefits of livelihood capital by means of converting livelihood capital is the intrinsic motivation of sustainable livelihood;the exchange action embed into regional exchange system is constrained by the nature of exchanges;the ability of livelihood capital conversion is the core ability to respond to livelihood risks;the dependence on livelihood capital conversion maintains social stratification and leads to social exclusion;and whether state institutions are fair and just is vital to maintaining social exclusion or promoting social integration.