东莞市40岁及以上居民视力损害者的屈光不正分析

Analysis of refractive error in visual impairment among residents aged 40 years and above in Dongguan City

目的:调查40岁及以上居民因屈光不正导致视力损害的患病率,以及影响视力矫正的因素。方法:我们于2011/2012年对广东省东莞市横沥镇40岁及以上居民进行糖尿病和糖尿病视网膜病变的流行病学调查,同时按照WHO标准,根据日常生活视力0.05≤好眼视力<0.3,筛查出视力损害者共707例。分析因屈光不正导致视力损害的患病率,比较不同性别、年龄组间及不同文化程度间可矫正的屈光不正导致的视力损害率,分析影响视力矫正的因素。结果:视力损害者的患病率为7.90%(707/8 952)。因屈光不正导致的视力损害者患病率为5.57%(499/8 952),占视力损害者的70.58%(499/707)。其中,可矫正的视力损害者患病率为5.36%(480/8 952),占视力损害者的67.89%(480/707)。不可矫正的视力损害者的患病率为0.21%(19/8 952),占视力损害者的2.69%(19/707)。经χ2检验,随着年龄的增加,因屈光不正导致的视力损害率显著下降(P<0.01)。屈光不正导致的视力损害在文化程度方面存在显著的统计学差异(P<0.01),但在性别方面无统计学差异(P>0.05)。视力损害者中可矫正的视力损害率随年龄增长而降低,由92.1%降至49.1%,有显著的统计学差异(P<0.01)。小学以上文化程度较小学及以下文化程度者可矫正的视力损害率高,有显著的统计学差异(P<0.01)。可矫正的视力损害率在性别方面无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:通过开展积极的屈光不正矫治,可使约2/3的日常生活视力损害的患者有效改善视力,提高居民的生活质量。

AIM： To investigate the prevalence rate of visual impairment caused by refractive error among residents aged 40 years and above, and the influence factors of vision correction. METHODS： We conducted an epidemiological survey of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy among residents aged 40 and above in Guangdong Province, Hengli Town, Dongguan City from 2011 to 2012. At the same time, according to World Health Organization （WHO）, according to the daily life vision, 0.05 ≤ visual ability 〈 0. 3, butabilitin the better eye, we screened a total of 707 cases of visual impairment. Analysis of the prevalence of visual impairment caused by refractive error, comparison of correction rate of visual impairment caused by refractive error, in different gender, age groups and different cuttural level, analysis of the influence factors of vision correction were carried out. RESULTS： The prevalence rate of visual impairment was 7. 90% （707/8952）. The prevalence rate of visual impairment caused by refractive error was 5.57% （499/ 8952）, accounted for visual impairment of 70.58% （499/ 707）. The prevalence rate of correction of refractive error among visual impairment was 5. 36% （480/8952）, accounting for visual impairment of 67.89% （480/707）. The prevalence rate of visual impairment uncorrected was 0.21% （19/8952）, accounting for visual impairment of 2.89% （19/707）. By X2 test, with the increase of age, the rate of visual impairment caused by refractive error was significantly decreased （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The visual impairment caused by refractive error were significant differences in the degree of culture （P〈0.01）, but no statistical significance in terms of gender （P〉0.05）. The rate of visual impairment can be corrected decreases with age, from 92.1% to 49.1%, there was a statistically significant difference （ P〈 0. 01 ）. The rate of visual impairment can be corrected in more than primary school culture degree was higher than primary school and below education, there was a statistically significant difference （P〈0.01）. The rate of visual impairment can be corrected was no statistical difference in gender （ P〉 0. 05）. CONCLUSION： Through the development of refractive error correction of positive, can make the daily life of visual impairment in about 2/3 of patients improve eyesight and improve the quality of life of residents.