基于遥感与GIS的矿山地质环境时空演变分析——以东胜矿区为例

Spatial- temporal evolution analysis of mining geological environment based on RS and GIS: A case study of the Dongsheng ore district

煤矿开采将不可避免地产生地质环境问题。以东胜矿区2007年Quick Bird遥感影像和2012年World View2影像为数据源,通过提取矿山地质环境现状信息,计算矿山地质环境类型时空数据的变化幅度、变化速度及转移矩阵等,揭示不同矿山地质环境类型的时间变化过程;以采矿权为空间单元,通过计算各类矿山地质环境的年均增幅与综合动态度,描述其空间演变趋势。结果表明:随着东胜矿区开采规模持续扩大,不同矿山地质环境类型的面积逐年增加且增幅各异,由"污染"(采坑、排土场及积水区)向"治理"(恢复治理区和工业广场)转移的趋势显著;尽管矿区地质环境已得到足够重视,并呈现西北区域恢复治理优于东南区域的特点,但"治理"力度总体上慢于"污染"程度,仍不利于可持续发展。

During the coal mining, various geological environmental problems may be inevitable. In this study, the QuickBird images in 2007 and the WorldView2 images in 2012 from the Dongsheng ore district of Inner Mongolia were selected respectively as original and end data sources so as to extract the present environment information. After that, the areal increase and rate of different mine geological environment, the transfer matrix of environmental types, and the spatial-temporal change of environmental types were calculated or revealed. In addition, with the mining right as the spatial unit, the environmental areas were calculated by virtue of average annual increase and comprehensive dynamic degree, both of which can describe the spatial evolution trend. The results show that different environment are enlarged in different degrees year by year with the expansion of the exploitation range, while the transfer trend from “pollution” （ mining pit, dump and water accumulated area ） to “management”（ restoration region and industrial square ） is similarly significant. Although the mine ecological recovery, which appears to be better in northwest area than in southeast area, has been given more attention, the environmental recovery pace remains in general slower than the speed of the environmental pollution, which adversely affects the sustainable development.