无绿藻病研究新进展

Advances of protothecosis

无绿藻病是由条件致病菌无绿藻引起的一种较为罕见的疾病。近年来,随着免疫缺陷患者的增多,无绿藻病的发生率有上升趋势。无绿藻病以皮肤型多见,也可表现为鹰嘴滑囊及纤维组织感染或系统性感染。由于已报道的无绿藻病例数有限,其发病机制还不是很清楚,临床表现缺乏特异性,微生物学检查易被误认为酵母菌而漏检。为了提高对无绿藻病的认识,该文分析总结国内外已报道的无绿藻病,就其病因、发病机制、临床表现、诊断特征、治疗及预后等作一综述。

Protothecosis is a rare infection caused by members of genus Prototheca, which are opportunistic pathogens. Given the increasing number of immunocompromised individuals throughout the world, the incidence of protothecosis keeps increasing. The most common clinical manifestation of protothecosis is cutaneous protothecosis, as well as olecranon bursitis, fibrous tissue infection, and systemic infection. Because of the limited cases of protothecosis, the pathogenesis of protothecosis is largely unknown; the manifestations are lack of specificity; and it is commonly misidendfied as the yeast in clinical laboratory. In order to improve the understanding of protothecosis, this paper reviews reported cases of protothecosis at home and abroad, and summarizes its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnostic features, treatment, and prognosis.