温度与光强对高山杜鹃催花期间花芽营养物质积累的影响

Effects of Different Temperatures and Light Intensities on Nutrients in Rhododendron hybrides Forcing

以高山杜鹃为材料,研究了在3个昼/夜温度（6℃/0℃、22℃/16℃、30℃/24℃）和3个光照强度（2 000/10lx、7 500/5 500lx、10 000/8 000lx）组合成的9个光温催花条件下,高山杜鹃花芽内可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸等营养物质的变化以及对始花期的影响。结果表明：随着昼夜温度的升高和光照强度的加强,高山杜鹃花芽内的可溶性糖和淀粉含量增加,且在整个催花过程中持续上升;可溶性蛋白含量变化整体呈先升后降的趋势,前期随温度光强增加而增加,后期则相反;游离氨基酸含量的整体变化趋势与可溶性蛋白含量相反,表现为先降后升。在30℃/24℃、10 000/8 000lx的处理下,高山杜鹃最早进入始花期,比目标日期（春节）提前18d开花。可见,适当高温和高光强（22℃/16℃-30℃/24℃,7 500/5 500-10 000/8 000lx）处理能显著提高高山杜鹃花芽内可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸等营养物质的积累和代谢,促进了其花芽发育,有效缩短了催花时间,使植株提前进入始花期,从而达到提前上市的目的。

Taking Rhododendron hybrides as materials,we investigated the bud soluble sugar,starch,soluble protein and free amino acid and initial time of flowering under nine temperatures and light intensities treatments that were three day/night temperatures（6 ℃/0 ℃,22 ℃/16 ℃,30 ℃/24 ℃）combined with three light intensities（2 000/10 lx,7 500/5 500 lx,10 000/8 000lx）.The results showed that soluble sugar content and starch content increased all the forcing time following rising temperatures and light intensities.The soluble protein content increased in prophase,but decreased in anaphase in the early stage.It increased with the temperature and light intensity increasing,while it was conversely in the later stage.Whereas the change of free amino acid content was opposite to soluble protein.The initial time of flowering of the treatment（30 ℃/24 ℃,10 000/8 000lx）was the earliest,18 days earlier than target date（Spring Festival）.All the those explained appropriate higher temperatures and light intensities（22 ℃/16 ℃-30 ℃/24 ℃,7 500/5 500-10 000/8 000lx）significantly enhanced accumulations and metabolisms of R.hybrides budsoluble sugar,starch,soluble protein and free amino acid,promoted buds development and blossom,in order to bring produces to market in advance.