自然地理学的大数据研究

Big Data Research of Physical Geography

大数据给科学研究带来了机遇与挑战,但针对自然地理学的研究很少。基于此,该文结合大数据理念,立足自然地理学特点,分析了自然地理学的大数据源、大数据研究方法及相关变革。认为自然地理研究中的大数据源主要包括遥感大数据、地面传感器数据、自发地理信息和地理成果累积数据,对地观测、自动感知和自发地理信息是其主要生产方式。自然地理的大数据研究方法重点在地理信息科学的升级与变革,集中在数据—信息—知识的处理过程中。大数据背景下自然地理研究将向数据密集型范式转变,地理研究将实现新的综合,应用性地理学得到发展,研究队伍结构更加多元化,众包研究成为新的方式。要在自然地理研究中充分合理地使用大数据,还需要数据开放与共享政策的支撑,同时有必要开展大数据地理学研究。

Although big data has brought opportunities and challenges to scientific research,but there is little study of physical geography about it. Therefore, this paper analyzes the data source, the physical geography research methods and physical geog- raphy related change on the basis of the concept of big data and natural geography characteristics. This paper puts forward the following viewpoint： 1）Big data source of physical geography study mainly includes remote sensing data, ground sensor data, spontaneous geographic information and geographic achievements aecumulated data. 2）The main mode of production includes earth observation technology, automatic sensing technology and spontaneous geographic information. 3）Study on the data of physical geography depends on the upgrade and change of geographical information science, and is mainly focused on the process of data-information-knowledge. 4）In the context of big data, geographical research will transfer the data intensive paradigms, comprehensive study will be further improved, the application of geography will be developed, the research team structure is more diversified, crowdsourcing research will become a new way. If we want to use a big data full and reasonable in physical ge- ography,we also need to support data opening and sharing,and to carry out the research on large data of geography.