磨料水射流技术及其在水下结构物切割中的应用

Abrasive water jet technology and its application to cutting of underwater structure

海洋工程有大量的水下结构物需要进行切割,与其它切割方法相比,磨料水射流因为通用性好、应用灵活,而且特别适合人员不易接近的场合,因而其水下应用发展非常迅速。磨料水射流是在高压水射流中加入磨料形成的,用于水下切割时,静水压力对于水射流性能具有很大影响。后混合磨料射流采用独立的软管进行磨料输送,不仅不存在高压水管堵塞问题,也不存在高压水管管路磨损严重的问题,所以可以用于深水。西方海洋工业发达国家开发了型式多样的磨料水射流设备进行水下结构物切割,中国应该抓紧相关技术研究,从而满足海洋工程飞速发展的需要。

Compared with other underwater cutting methods,abrasive water jet(AWJ) has been used in abandonment of many underwater structures because of its versatility,flexibility and outstanding adaptability in situations where person can not reach easily.AWJ forms when abrasive particles are added into high pressure water jet,and its cutting performance is seriously affected by static pressure in water.Abrasive particles of sub- mixed AWJ system are transferred through an independent hosepipe and added into cutting nozzle directly,so there is no problem in hosepipe such as blocking or serious wear,and it can be used in deep water.Many types of AWJ equipment have played important roles in underwater cutting operations in some western marine advanced countries.In order to satisfy the strong need of offshore engineering in China,the related technologies of AWJ should be also developed in the future.