形态分布学与汉语“的”的句法地位研究

A Study on Distributed Morphology and the Syntactic Status of "De"

"的"字是汉语中使用频率极高的一个词。生成语法学界试图用生成语法理论去探讨"的"字的句法地位并形成两种主要观点:"的"是标句词(complementizer),即CP中的C;"的"是限定词(determiner),即DP中的D。这两种观点都没有足够的理论和事实来支撑。根据分布形态学理论(Distributed Mophology),文章认为"的"是决定名词性实语素的虚语素轻名词n。这可以解释"的"字结构的名词性,"的"后成分兼有名词和谓词的双重性质问题,也可以解释由"标句词之说"和"限定词之说"带来的譬如"的+X"不符合汉语语法规则构造的结构问题。

＂De＂ in Mandarin Chinese is so frequently used that many phrases consist of it. Since the 1990s the syntactic status of ＂De＂ has been approached from different perspectives in the framework of Transformational Generative Grammar and two major views have been formed, namely, ＂De＂ is the complementizer in CP and the ＂ Determiner＂ in DP. Based on a thorough analysis of these two views this thesis argues that they are both theoretically and methodologically deficient. Under the framework of Distributed Morphology, this thesis argues that ＂De＂ is the light noun n which decides the nominal lexical morphemes. In this way ,not only the nominal nature of the whole De constructions but also the dual nature of the verbal elements after De can be adequately explained. This argument will also eradicate the problems brought by structures like ＂De＋X＂ which is the product of Determiner Analysis and Complementizer Analysis.