吐鲁番地名新探

New Probe into Turpan Toponymy

吐鲁番(turpan)地名与吐蕃无关。该词由突厥语动词词根tur-(站立,站起来,上升,升腾)附加源于嚈哒语的副动词/形动词构词成分-pan构成,语义为"长久居住的(地方)"即"久居之地"。双语合璧的地名正是当地多元文化混合交融的体现。该地名至晚在10世纪上半叶已见于文献,极可能在8世纪末回鹘入主吐鲁番盆地时已开始使用。其汉译名称"秃尔班"在1276年见于文献,此后还曾出现"土尔番"、"土鲁蕃"等译名。该地名最初仅用于指称位于"火州城"(今高昌故城)和"崖儿城"(今交河故城)之间的城(即唐代的安乐城,今英沙古城,又称安伽勒克古城),后逐渐发展为地区及全盆地的名称。

The name of Turpan has nothing to do with Tubo （吐蕃）. The word of Turpan is composed of tur which is a root of Turki verb and - pan which is from Yada language, and the meaning is a long-time resident. Two lan- guages composed a toponymy reflected cultures fusion in Turpan. The toponymy had been in document in lOth cen- tury at last, and it had been used in the end of 8th century when the Uighur occupied Turpan Depression. Tuerban （秃尔班）as the Chinese translation was found in document in AD1276. Afterward, Tuerfan （土尔番） or Tulufan （土鲁蕃） as the Chinese translation was also found in later documents. The toponymy only referred to the city （Anle city in Tang dynasty, now ancient ruins of Yinsa） between Huozhou city（now ancient ruins of Gaochang） and Yaer city（now Jiaohe ruins）, and gradually developed into the name of the area, even to the whole depression.