东北地区玉米骨干自交系的子粒长和百粒重的遗传研究

Genetic Studies on Kernel Length and 100-grain Weight of Maize Inbred Lines in Northeast of China

以Lancanster类群（Mo17、J1782、吉1037、合344、917）骨干自交系为母本,以塘四平头类群（吉853、444）、Reid类群（C8605-2、本7884-7、B73）自交系、旅大红骨类群（丹8415）的骨干自交系为父本,采用增广NCⅡ设计,对东北地区玉米骨干自交系子粒长度、百粒重进行了遗传研究。杂种优势分析表明：子粒长度均为正向优势,杂种优势的平均值为26.82%,变化范围是14.95%～38.26%,变异系数为22.13%。其中,以J1782×C8605-2杂种优势最高,为38.26%;以吉1037×本7884-7杂种优势最低,为14.95%。百粒重的杂种优势：组合Mo17×444最高,为44.76%;合344×丹8415最低,为0.90%,杂种优势平均值为27.99%,变异系数为24.08%,其他组合的中亲杂种优势集中25%～35%之间。配合力和遗传分析模型表明：该2性状杂种F1代均有正向优势,其遗传为超显性遗传。子粒长度不符合加性-显性模型,存在着明显的显性效应和上位性效应,而百粒重则符合加性-显性模型,加性效应更为重要。

Based on taxa inbred lines of Lancaster groups（Mo17, J1782, J1037, H344,917）as the female parent, the inbred lines of Tangsipingtou（J853,444）, Reid（C8605-2,B7884-7,B73）, Lvdahonggu（D8415） groups as the male parent, the genetic characteristics of maize kernel length and 100-grain weight in northeast of China were studied with using the augmented NCⅡ designs in this experiment. The analytic results of heterosis showed that the kernel length were positive in heterosis, the average heterosis was 26.82%, the range of variation was 14.95%~38.26%, the coefficient of variation was 22.13%. Among them, the highest heterosis was J1782×C8605-2（38.26%）, the lowest heterosis was J1037×B7884-7（14.95%）. Heterosis of100 kernel weight, the combination of Mo17×444 was the highest（44.76%）; H344 ×D8415 was the lowest（0.90%）.The average heterosis was 27.99% and the coefficient of variation was 24.08%.The other combinations of parent heterosis focus between 25% to 35%. Combining ability and genetic analysis model showed that the two traits in F1 generation had positive advantages for ultra-dominant inheritance of genetics. The kernel length was not in line with additive-dominance genetic model, there were dominance and epistatic effects in it. However, 100-grain weight was in line with additive-dominance genetic model, the additive genes were more important.