施钾量对山东褐土夏玉米产量、效益及钾素平衡的影响

Effects of Potassium Levels on the Yield, Economic Benefit and Potassium Balance of Summer-maize in Cinnamon Soil of Shandong Province

在山东省褐土区夏玉米生产上设计了用钾量0、45、90、180、270 kg/hm2 5个水平的试验。结果表明：各施钾处理玉米产量均比不施钾处理增加,增产幅度为4.97%～5.59%,施钾90 kg/hm2处理与不施钾处理相比玉米产量增产达到极显著水平,施钾180 kg/hm2和270 kg/hm2处理与不施钾处理玉米产量相比增产达到显著水平,各施钾处理玉米产量之间没有显著差异。经计算得出最高产量施用钾量为174.2 kg/hm2,最经济施用钾量为50.6 kg/hm2,从收获后的样品分析,87%左右的钾积累于玉米秸秆中。随着施钾量的增加,秸秆和籽粒中的钾含量都有增加的趋势。从土壤-作物系统内钾素平衡状况看,施钾204 kg/hm2时可以实现土壤钾素的收支平衡。随着施钾量的增加,钾肥利用率逐渐下降,钾肥当季利用率在17.99%～54.28%。

The study of different potassium（K） levels was conducted on summer-maize production in cinnamon soil area of Shandong Province. Results showed that the maize yields of K treatments were all increased compared with no K treatment with the amplitude from 4.97% to 5.59%. The difference between the treatment with 90 kg/ha K2 O and no K treatment was very obvious, the differences between the treatments of 180 kg/ha K2 O,270 kg/ha K2 O and no K treatment were obvious, but there were no obvious differences among maize yields of the K treatments.According to calculation, the K2 O level of the highest maize yield was 174.2 kg/ha,the highest economic K2 O level was 50.6 kg/ha. About 87% K2 O accumulated in maize straws according to sample analysis. The K2 O contents in straw and grain increased with the increase of K2 O levels. From the point of potassium balance between soil and crop, 204 kg/ha K2 O was needed to balance the income and output of soil potaasium. But the potassium（K） use efficiency（KUE） was decreased with the increase of potassium level. The KUE ranged from 17.99% to 54.28% in the experiment.