昆明市6～24月龄婴幼儿早期喂养状况城乡比较研究

A comparative study of early feeding status of 6～24 months children in urban and rural area of Kunming,China

目的通过调查了解并比较昆明市城、乡6-24月龄婴幼儿出生早期喂养状况,分析存在的问题,为改善昆明市婴幼儿营养状况提供科学依据。方法以昆明市城、乡6-24月龄婴幼儿作为研究对象,采用自制的调查表进行横断面问卷调查。结果昆明市城、乡6-24月龄婴幼儿早期喂养问题突出,且城乡差异显著。1）6月龄纯母乳喂养率较低,城、乡分别为42.1%和57.0%;2）婴儿出生后开奶时间晚,城、乡分别有44.2%和57%的婴幼儿开奶时间超过出生后24h;3）婴幼儿出生后第一口食物是母乳的比例很低,城、乡分别为22.5%和10.9%;4）出生后婴儿吃的第一口食物主要是配方奶粉（城市占43.8%）和糖水（农村占49%）;5）过早（≤4月龄）添加辅食现象普遍,且城市早于农村等。结论昆明市婴幼儿早期喂养问题不容忽视,尤其是农村地区。及时、准确、全面地对喂养人进行营养健康教育的工作迫在眉睫。

Objective To investigate the existing problems about the feeding of 6 to 24-month infants in the urban and rural areas of Kunming,and provide a basis for improvement of the feeding behaviors and measures to improve the infant and young child complementary feeding. Method A cross-sectional survey was used to investigate breastfeeding and comple- mentary feeding data within 1 201 6 to 24-month infants in the urban and rural area of Kunming. Results Significant difference in early time feeding was found between urban and rural area. 1） The rates of almost exclusive breast-feeding were low,42.1% in urban and 57% in rural respectively. 2） The rates of early initiation of breast feeding were very low,44.2% in urban and 57%o in rural of the infants get the breast feeding over 24 hours after they were born. 3）The rates of the first bite of the breast milk were very low,22.5% in urban and 10.9% in rural respectively. 4） For most urban and rural area infants,the first bite of food after they were born is not the breast milk, but the formula milk for urban （43.8 %） and sweet water for rural （49 % ）. 5）It is very common that add the complementary food earlier than 4 months, both in urban and rural area. Conclusions The early feeding problems should not be ignored in Kunming city,especially in rural area. Timely,accurate and comprehensive implement nutrition health education must be enforced.