孤独症谱系障碍儿童饮食行为问题的研究

Investigation on diet behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder

目的探讨孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)儿童的饮食行为问题,为建立ASD的生活自理能力训练方法提供研究基础。方法实验组为2013年07月-2014年06月于本科就诊的ASD患儿53例,对照组为正常儿童50例,分别对两组儿童的主要照顾者进行饮食行为问题及一般信息调查。结果实验组在进食能力、进食行为、食物选择和喂养行为四个维度不良饮食行为的发生率均高于对照组。实验组咀嚼有困难占32例(60%);不会自己吃饭,需要喂饭的有30例(57%);拒绝一切食物的发生率为8例(15%);而对照组在这三个条目的发生率均为0例(0%)。此外,实验组不能在餐桌进餐、吃饭时间超过30min、需要特定的餐桌/餐具摆放,或需要特定的餐具、不愿尝试新食物等条目的发生率也明显高于对照组。结论饮食行为问题在ASD儿童中普遍存在,且种类多,程度重。因此,饮食行为问题是ASD儿童生活自理能力训练的重要项目之一。

Objeetiv To study the dietary behavior problems of children with autism spectrum disorder （ASD） and to provide a basis for the establishment of autism self-care ability training method. Method Caregiver report of eating prob- lems and general information of 53 ASD children and 50 typically developing children were compared. Result In the ex- periment group, the incidences of unhealthy dietary behaviors were higher than those of control group in all the four dimen- sions：eating capacity,mealtime behavior, food selection and feeding behavior. There were 32 cases （60 %） children with difficulty chewing, 30 cases （57 M ） need to be fed, refuse all food occurred in 8 cases （15 %）, while the incidence rate was 0 % in the control group. In addition,the incidences of children can not be at a table, eat more than 30 minutes of time, need a particular table / tableware placed,or require specific tableware, do not want to specific new food were also sig,＇ificantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusions Eating behavior problems are prevalent in children with autism than typically developing children,there are many types of problems and the extent of the deep. Eating behavior is one of the most important project of the self-care ability training of children with autism.