有机肥施用对节水灌溉水稻生长及产量的影响

Effects of Manure Fertilizer on Rice Growth and Yield under Water-saving Irrigation

为了揭示有机肥施用对节水灌溉水稻生长及产量的影响,开展了不同水肥管理田间试验,分析不同水肥管理条件下水稻茎蘖、株高、叶面积指数、干物质量、产量、灌水量及灌溉水分生产效率的变化规律。结果表明,与常规灌溉相比,节水灌溉在保证水稻生长并稳产的同时,灌水量大幅降低了49.45%,水分生产率平均提高1.20kg/m3。有机肥施用明显增加了水稻茎蘖数和株高,增加了水稻干物质量,显著增加了水稻叶面积指数和产量(p<0.05),提高了稻田灌溉水分生产率,其中产量平均增加6.77%。控制灌溉和施用有机肥条件下,水稻产量和水分利用效率分别较常规水肥管理稻田显著提高了6.13%和1.32kg/m3。因此,控制灌溉和有机肥施用的结合是该地区合理的稻田水碳管理措施。

In order to investigate the effects of manure fertilizer on rice growth and yield under water-saving irrigation, rice stem number, plant height, leaf area index, dry weight, yield, volumes of irrigation water and irrigation water use efficiency of paddy fields with different water and fertilizer managements were analyzed based on filed experiments. The results showed that high yield of paddy fields was maintained under water-saving irrigation, and the volumes of irrigation water of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation was greatly reduced by 49.45~ compared with flooding irrigation. The irrigation water productivity of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation averagely increased by 1.20 kg/m^3 compared with flooding irri- gation. With the use of manure fertilizer, the rice stem number, plant height and dry weight, the leaf area index and yield of rice significantly increased （p〈0.05）, the irrigation water use efficiency was improved compared to traditional fertilizer management. The rice yield of paddy fields with manure fertilizer increased by 6.77% compared with traditional fertilizer management. Combination of controlled irrigation and manure fertilizer promoted rice growth, and greatly reduced volumes of irrigation water. Yield and irrigation water use efficiency of paddy field with controlled irrigation and manure fertilizer significantly increased by 6.13% and 1.32 kg/m^3 respectively compared with the conventional water and fertilizer management. Therefore, combination of controlled irrigation and manure fertilizer was one of reasonable water and carbon managements for paddy fields in this district.