叶面喷硒对梨果实矿质元素积累和贮藏特性的影响

Effects of Spraying Selemium on the Mineral Elements Content and the Storage Properties of the Pear Fruits

以10年生白梨品种‘砀山酥梨’(Pyrus bretschneideri cv.‘Dangshan Suli’)为试材,研究叶面喷施0、5、10和20 mg·L-1亚硒酸钠对果实矿质元素积累和贮藏特性的影响。结果表明:叶面喷硒提高了梨果实钾、硫、铁、锰、铜、硼和硒元素的含量,且喷施5 mg·L-1硒时,果实铁含量较对照极显著提高21.30%(P<0.01),铜含量显著提高24.60%(P<0.05);但随喷硒浓度继续增加,果实铁和铜元素含量逐渐降低,钾、硫、锰、硼和硒元素含量则逐渐升高,至2 0 mg·L-1时,果实硫和硒元素含量分别较对照极显著提高72.68%和64.29%(P<0.01),钾、锰和硼元素含量分别显著提高13.78%、19.82%和26.15%(P<0.05)。喷施5和10 mg·L-1硒使果实磷含量分别显著降低45.87%和37.28%(P<0.05)。喷施5 mg·L-1硒可显著降低果实贮藏期间的病果率,提高果实耐贮性。叶面喷硒浓度与果实硒、镁和硼等元素含量呈显著正相关(P<0.0 5);果实铁含量与钙和锌含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与氮含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。由此可见,叶面喷硒对梨果实矿质元素积累和贮藏特性的影响存在浓度差异。

The ten-year-old trees, Pyrus bretschneideri cv. ＇Dangshan Suli＇, were used as materials to spray dif- ferent concentrations of sodium selenite for analyzing the effect of selenium on the mineral elements content and the storage properties of the pear fruits. The results showed： spraying selenium could increase the content of potassium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, boron and selenium. When spraying 5 mg·L-1 Se dosage, the con- tent of iron increased significantly 21.30% （P〈0.01）, and the content of copper increased significant 24.60% （P〈0.05） comparing with the control. With the increase of the Se dosage, the content of iron and copper de- creased gradually, but the content of potassium, sulfur, manganese, boron and selenium increased gradually. The content of sulfur and selenium increased significantly 72.68% and 64.29% （P〈0.01）, and the content of po- tassium, manganese and boron significant increased 13.78%, 19.82% and 26.15% respectively （P〈0.05） when spraying 20 mg·L-1 Se dosage. However, the content of phosphorus significant decreased 45.87% and 37.28% respectively when spraying 5 and 10 mg·L1 Se dosage （P〈0.05）. Spraying 5 mg·L-1 Se dosage could significant decrease the rate of fruit disease after the cold storage, and improve the storage properties of the pear fruits com- pared with the control. The Se dosage was significant positive correlation with the content of selenium, magne- sium and boron （P〈0.05）. The content of iron was significantly negative correlation with the content of calcium and zinc （P〈0.01）, and it was significant negative correlation with the content of nitrogen （P〈0.05）. Therefore, the effect of Se on the mineral elements content and the storage properties varied depending on its dosage.