454焦磷酸测序分析几种哺乳动物粪便细菌多样性

Diversity of faecal bacteria in several mammals by 454 high-throughput sequencing

【目的】分析比较几种哺乳动物粪便细菌群落多样性,了解粪便细菌多样性与动物进化和食物的关系。【方法】采集6种哺乳动物粪便样品;提取总DNA;PCR扩增,获得16S rDNA V3标签片段;用454焦磷酸测序技术进行高通量测序;主要基于QIIME平台分析比较粪便细菌多样性。【结果】分析发现,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门广泛存在于各样品中,并且占绝对优势。α多样性分析发现,杂食性的长臂猿、黑猩猩和川金丝猴的多样性最高,其次是肉食性的东北虎,来自熊科杂食性的亚洲黑熊和大熊猫的多样性最低。β多样性分析发现,白眉长臂猿、黑猩猩、川金丝猴几种灵长目动物粪便的菌群相似,而大熊猫菌、黑熊、孟加拉虎几种食肉目动物粪便细菌群相似但食肉动物孟加拉虎主要又因含梭杆菌门而区别于其他动物。【结论】动物粪便细菌优势类群明显;同种动物重复样本的相似性最高,各种动物多样性存在差异,但几种灵长类动物粪便细菌多样性更丰富;动物粪便细菌的组成和动物的进化及食物相关。本研究为哺乳动物粪便菌资源及后续研究提供了借鉴。

[Objective] The aim of this study was to analyze the diversities and differences of several mammalian＇s faecal bacteria,to understand the relationships between bacterium diversities and animals‘ evolutionary and animals＇ feeds.[Methods] GenomicDNA of feces was extracted and amplified for the 16 S rDNA V3 tags,and then the tags were sequenced by 454 sequencing.QIIME were used to analyze faecal bacterial diversities.[Results] Faecal bacteria of all animals were dominated by Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria.Bacterial diversities of Hylobates hoolock,Pan troglodytes and Rhinopithecus roxellanae were the highest,followed by Panthera tigris altaica,Ailuropoda melanoleuca and Ursus thibetanus were the lowest through α diversity analysis.The constituents of faecal bacteria among Hylobates hoolock,Pan troglodytes and Rhinopithecus roxellanae were similar.The constituents of faecal bacteria among Ailuropoda melanoleuca,Ursus thibetanu,and Panthera tigris altaica were similar.Mainly for containning Fusobacteria,the faecal bacterial of Panthera tigris altaica differed from the other two carnivore animals through β diversity analysis.[Conclusion] The dominating faecal bacteria were obvious,the bacteria similarities of the two repetitions were the highest.The diversities of each animal were different and higher in the primates.Both evolution and food were related to faecal bacteria.This study provided some references for exploring the new microorganism and further research of faecal bacteria.