生物炭对设施连作黄瓜根域基质酶活性和微生物的调节

Regulation of biochar on matrix enzyme activities and microorganisms around cucumber roots under continuous cropping

以日光温室内连作6年（11茬）营养基质作为对照进行黄瓜盆栽试验,研究添加量为5%和3%（质量比）的生物炭对营养基质中酶活性、微生物数量及群落结构的调节作用.结果表明：经生物炭处理后,在定植30~120 d,基质的过氧化物酶活性均显著提高至1茬水平,且5%生物炭处理效果显著高于3%生物炭处理,中性磷酸酶活性则显著低于对照;在定植30~90 d,仅5%生物炭处理对蔗糖酶和脲酶活性有明显的调节作用.经生物炭处理后,基质内细菌和放线菌数量在定植30~90 d均有所增加,真菌数量则均降低,且5%生物炭处理效果显著高于3%生物炭处理.同时,生物炭处理能够显著提高基质内细菌的群落结构多样性.说明生物炭的添加对连作营养基质中的酶活性、微生物数量及群落结构有明显的调节作用.

The effects of addition of biochar on the matrix enzymes activity, microorganisms popula- tion and microbial community structure were evaluated under cucumber continuous cropping for 6 years （11 rotations）. Cucumbers were grown in pots in greenhouse with 5% or 3% of medium （by mass） substituted with biochar. The control consisted of medium alone without bioehar. The results showed that the activity of peroxidase was significantly improved to the level of the first rotation crop form 30 to 120 d after planting in both biochar treatments, with the effect of 5% biochar being more significant than that of 3% biochar. However, the neutral phosphatase activity was markedly re- duced after biochar treatment. The addition of 5% biochar had significant regulation effect on the activities of invertase and urease from 30 to 90 d after planting, while the addition of 3% biochar had little effect. The populations of bacteria and aetinomycetes were increased and the fungi popula- tion was reduced in both biochar treatments from 30 to 90 d after planting, and the effect of 5% bio- char was more significant than that of 3% biochar. Meanwhile, the addition of biochar significantly increased the diversity of the bacterial community structure. In summary, biochar had obvious regu- lation effect on soil enzyme activity, microorganism quantity and microbial community in continuous cropping nutrition medium.