小儿头颈部淋巴管畸形的诊断及治疗进展

The diagnosis and treatment progress of lymphatic malformations of the head and neck in children

淋巴管畸形是一种先天性脉管畸形性疾病,单纯淋巴管畸形发生率约占所有脉管畸形的11.6%,另有10.0%的淋巴管畸形可与其他脉管畸形同时存在〔1〕。淋巴管畸形在儿童的发病率约为1/20 000,明显高于成人中的发病率,

Lymphatic malformations including macrocystic and microcystic malformation are congemtal be- nign vascular disease. The incidence in children is much higher than adults and they most often occur in head and neck. There are a variety of diagnosis and treatment methods in lymphatic malformations. This paper reviewed the recent literatures with respect to the pathology, imaging and treatment of the lymphatic malformations in children. And we detailed the advantage and disadvantage of surgical excision, sclerotherapy, laser ablation and drug treatment of lymphatic malformations particularly in children. Surgical excision continues to be integral to treat in many cases when the lesions involve the eye socket or are large enough to affect breathing, but it should not be overused without consideration of the histologic types and extent. In addition, cervicofacial macrocystic lesions tend to scle- rotherapy while superficial mucosal microsystic lesions are amenable to laser therapy. In order to obtain the best treatment outcomes, the treatment protocol should be individualized and comprehensive.