不同种植模式与施肥对烤烟产质量和养分利用的影响

Effects of Different Planting Patterns and Fertilization on Yield,Quality and Nutrient Utilization of Flue-cured Tobacco

为给烤烟优质栽培提供科学依据,通过10年定位试验,研究了不同种植模式与施肥对烤烟产质量和养分利用的影响。结果表明：烤烟轮作＋有机无机配施的烟株发病率最低,烟叶产量和产值,比烤烟连作＋单施化肥分别提高13.53%和57.23%。在轮作＋有机无机配施处理烟株的氮、磷、钾吸收量显著高于连作＋单施化肥。植烟土壤中的有效养分呈单峰曲线变化,与烟株养分需要协调一致。经地下径流流失的氮、钾分别占施肥量的19.18%-26.54%和18.42%-23.41%,其中,硝态氮超过氮素流失量的98%。烤烟轮作＋有机无机配施的处理氮、钾流失量低于连作＋单施化肥处理。

The effects of different planting and fertilization patterns on yield,quality and nutrient utilization of flue-cured tobacco were studied by ten-year fixed test to provide the scientific basis for quality cultivation of flue-cured tobacco in Zunyi.The disease rate of flue-cured tobacco plants under the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern is minimum,but leaf yield and output value both are maximum,13.53% and 57.23% higher than the flue-cured rotation plus single chemical fertilizer application pattern respectively.N,P and K absorption amount of flue-cured tobacco plants under the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern is higher than the flue-cured rotation plus single chemical fertilizer application pattern significantly because of its biomass increase.The effective nutrient components in soil represent a single peak trend,accord with nutrient demand of flue-cured tobacco plants,which may be one of causes to suitably cultivate flue-cured tobacco.The nitrate nitrogen loss amount exceeds 98% nitrogen loss amount in groundwater runoff.N and K loss amount in groundwater runoff accounts for 19.18%-26.54% and 18.42% - 23.41% of fertilization amount respectively,which indicates that massive loss of N and K fertilized in soil results in fertilizer waste and water pollution.In addition,N and k loss amount under the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern is lower.In conclusion,the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern and fertilization technique should be used and improved in cultivation of flue-cured tobacco.