喀斯特山区刺梨种植基地的土壤养分状况

Soil Nutrients Status of Rosa roxburghii Planting Bases in Karst Mountainous Area

为了对喀斯特山区刺梨种植提供合理化施肥依据,以贵州毕节市黔西县、毕节市七星关区和黔南州龙里县3个刺梨种植基地的土壤样品为试验材料,采用相关文献及标准方法对贵州喀斯特山区刺梨种植基地表层土壤pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、水解氮、有效磷及速效钾等进行测定,并对其土壤养分盈亏状况进行分析。结果表明:土壤pH平均为6.86,比较适宜刺梨生长;全磷和全钾含量分别为1.38g/kg和16.40g/kg,较为适宜;有机质含量较高,为96.80g/kg;钠极丰富,为8.62g/kg;全钙和全镁含量不足,分别为0.61g/kg和6.15g/kg;氮极度缺乏,含量为0.16g/kg。结论:施肥时应综合考虑各地土壤养分现状及不同时期树体对各种营养素的需求情况,保证各养分平衡与协调。该研究为系统评价刺梨种植基地土壤营养状况奠定了基础。

To provide basis for rational fertilization of R.roxburghii planting in the karst mountainous areas,soil samples were collected from Qianxi County and Qixingguan region in Bijie,Longli County in Qiannan,three R.roxburghii planting bases as experimental material.Using literature methods and standards of R.roxburghii, soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and potassium were determined,and the soil nutrient abundance and loss condition were analyzed.Results：Soil pH,with an average of 6.86,is more suitable for the growth of R.roxburghii;Total phosphorus and total potassium contents were respectively 1.38 g/kg and 16.40 g/kg,which were more appropriate;High content of organic matter,96.80 g/kg;Sodium is very rich,8.62 g/kg;Total Ca and Mg contents,respectively 0.61 g/kg and 6.15 g/kg;The nitrogen was starved,merely 0.16 g/kg. Conclusion：Fertilization should be considered in all soil nutrient status and the different periods of tree nutrient demand,ensure the nutrient balance and coordination.The research laid the foundation for the evaluation system of R.roxburghii cultivated soil nutrient status bases.