张载对《易传》“易简”概念的解读及其哲学史意义

Zhang Zai' Interpretation on the Concept of "Yi Jian" in "Yi Zhuang" and Its Significance in Philosophical History

"易简"作为《易传》中体现易学哲学特征的一个独到的概念,由于其奥义深刻,汉唐以来的易学家均不惜笔墨,注重注释和阐发易理,纵观其特征,都偏重于从宇宙生成论的角度去思考。至北宋,儒学家建构儒学新体系的一个重要哲学经典便是《易经》,张载作为关学宗师,其哲学是"以《易》为宗",在其易学哲学中,张载明确规定了"易简"的哲学内涵,指出"易简"为"易"之根本,赋予了"易简"的形上本体论特征,进而从太和之道、道德工夫逐层推进而深化了"易简"之理,为其哲学架构奠定了易学基础,推动了儒学和易学的发展。

＂Yi Jian＂ is one unique concept that embodies the philosophical feature of ＂ Yi＂ in ＂ Yi Zhuan＂. Because of its profound connotation, many ＂Yi＂ scholars have spent a lot of ink on its description, at- tached great importance to the interpretation and explanation of ＂ Yi Li＂, and made a general survey on its main features since Han and Tang Dynasties. However, all of them were biased toward thinking from the per- spective of cosmology. In the North Song Dynasty, when Confucians constructed the new Confucianism, one im- portant classics of philosophy was ＂Yi Jing＂. Zhang Zai was regarded as the ancestor of ＂ Guan Xue＂ ,whose philosophy was based on ＂Yi＂. In his philosophy of ＂Yi Xue＂ ,he clearly formulated the philosophical conno- tation of ＂Yi Jian＂ ,presented that ＂Yi Jian＂ was the root of ＂Yi Xue＂ ,and endowed the shape of ＂Yi Jian＂ with the characteristics of ontology. Meanwhile, he gradually promoted and deepened the theory of ＂ Yi Jian＂ from the way of ＂Tai He＂ and morality, which has laid the ＂Yi＂ foundation for philosophical structure, and im- proved the development of Confucianism and ＂Yi Xue＂.