不同类型及预后急性脑血管疾病患者心电图变化分析

Electrocardiogram Changes of Patients with Different Types and Prognosis of Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases

目的：分析不同类型及预后急性脑血管疾病患者心电图变化。方法选择深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院2013年1月—2014年1月收治的急性脑血管疾病患者75例，其中急性脑梗死29例（ A组）、脑出血26例（ B组）、蛛网膜下腔出血20例（ C组）。所有患者入院后立即给予对症处理及常规治疗，并于入院后0.5～4.0 h内行12导联心电图检查，比较不同类型及预后患者心电图异常情况。结果本组75例患者共69例出现心电图异常，心电图异常发生率为92.0％；A组、B组、C组患者心电图异常发生率分别为75.9％、80.8％、80.0％，3组患者心电图异常发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.225，P ﹥0.05），3组患者异常心电图构成比比较，差异亦无统计学意义（χ^2=8.149，P﹥0.05）。本组75例患者死亡23例，心电图异常发生率为100.0％；存活52例，心电图异常发生率为88.5％，不同预后急性脑血管疾病患者心电图异常发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（χ^2=2.884，P﹥0.05）。结论急性脑血管疾病患者心电图异常发生率较高，且与急性脑血管疾病类型及预后无关，心电图改变可在一定程度上反映急性脑血管疾病患者病情严重程度。

Objective To analyze the electrocardiogram changes of patients with different types and prognosis of acute cerebrovascular diseases. Methods From January 2013 to January 2014 in the Women and Children Health Care Center of Longgang District,29 patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected as group A,26 patients with cerebral hemorrhage were selected as group B,20 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage were selected as group C. All of the patients were given symptomatic treatment and conventional therapy after admission,and then received 12-lead electrocardiogram examination. The incidence of electrocardiographic abnormality was compared in patients with different types and prognosis of acute cerebrovascular diseases. Results Of the 75 cases, 69 cases （ 92. 0%） occurred electrocardiographic abnormality. The incidence of electrocardiographic abnormality of groups A, B, C was 75. 9%, 80. 8%, 80. 0%, the difference was not statistically significantly different（χ^2 =0. 225,P﹥0. 05）. No statistically significant differences of constituent ratio of electrocardiographic abnormality was found in the three groups（χ^2 =8. 149,P﹥0. 05）. Of the 75 cases,23 cases were dead,the incidence of electrocardiographic abnormality was 100. 0%;52 cases were alive, the incidence of electrocardiographic abnormality was 88. 5%,no statistically significant differences of incidence of electrocardiographic abnormality was found in patients with different prognosis（χ^2 =2. 884,P ﹥0. 05）. Conclusion The incidence of electrocardiographic abnormality of patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases is high,without correlated with the types or prognosis,the electrocardiogram changes can reflect the severity of acute cerebrovascular diseases to some extent.