《春秋》“十二公”考释

Textual Criticisms and Explanations on " Twelve Monarchs" in Spring and Autumn Annals

《春秋》是圣人孔子依据东周春秋时期鲁国的史料编篡的一部编年史,上始于鲁隐公元年即公元前722年,下止于鲁哀公十四年即公元前481年,共计242年的历史。这242年的历史,既是东周春秋时期鲁国的国史,也是姬姓鲁国国君——以"十二公"为主轴的姬姓家谱史。站在家谱文化学的角度,可以说《春秋》是孔子为老姬家所修订的242年的家族史。"十二公",即隐公、桓公、庄公、闵公、僖公、文公、宣公、成公、襄公、昭公、定公、哀公。

Spring and Autumn Annals is a chronicle compiled by the sage Confucius according to the historical data of Lu State during Spring and Autumn period in Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the history lasted 242 years from the first year of Lu Yin （722 BC） to the fourteen years of Lu Aigong （481 BC） . The history of 249 years is not only the history of Lu State, but also a genealogical history of monarch of Lu surnamed Ji with ＂Twelve monarchs＂ as the spindle. From the perspective of genealogy culture, it can be said that Spring and Autumn Annals is a family history with 942 years revised by Confucius for Ji family. ＂Twelve monarchs＂ refers to Yingong, Huangong, Zhuanggong, Mingong, Xigong, Wengong, Xuangong, Chenggong, Xianggong, Zhaogong, Dinggong and Aigong.