安顺市城郊零散蔬菜中铅、砷、铬、镉、铜的污染状况分析

Analysis of the lead,arsenic,chromium,cadmium and copper pollution of scattered vegetables in suburban in Anshun

目的了解安顺市城郊零散蔬菜中铅、砷、铬、镉、铜的污染状况,为建立食品安全监测网络提供科学依据。方法选择安顺市城郊东、西、南、北、中有代表性的27种蔬菜,用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法对铅、砷、铬、镉、铜的含量进行测定。结果各元素的总超标率为17.0%,超标率依次为:铅(14.28%)>铬(2.04%)>镉(0.68%)>铜(0%)、砷(0%),铅为主要污染元素。超标以鳞茎类和叶菜类为主,超标率依次为:鳞茎类(6.1%)>叶菜类(6.06%)>块根和块茎类(2.04%)、瓜茄类(2.04%)>芸薹类(0.68%)>豆类(0%)。超标率较高的采样点(公路旁)与其余采样点相比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.44,P=0.000 085<0.01)。结论安顺市城郊零散蔬菜只有少部分超标,超标以鳞茎类、叶菜类为主。环境大气污染(尤其在交通要道)及农药喷洒等可能是安顺市城郊本土蔬菜污染的主要来源。

Objective To investigate the lead, arsenic, chromium, cadmium and copper pollution of scattered vegetables in suburban in Anshun, so as to provide scientific basis for establishing food safety monitoring network, to develop effective food pollution early warning and rapid response mechanism. Methods To choose representative 27 kinds of vegetables in the north and south, east and west of Anshun city, by atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, the lead （ Pb）, arsenic （ As）, chromium （ Cr）, cadmium （ Cd）, copper （Cu） element content were determined. Results The exces- sive rates of each element was 17.0% , Pb as the main pollution element, the over rate of the each element, according to the de- scending order, were lead （ 14.28% ）, chromium （2.04%）, cadmium （0.68%）, copper （0%）, arsenic （0%）. Over- weight is given priority to with bulb and leaf vegetables, which in turn were bulb （6.1%） , leaf vegetables （6.06%）, roots and tubers （2.04%）, the melon in tomato （2.04%）, creat （0.68%）, legumes （0%）. The difference between the higher sampling points（beside highway） and the rest of sampling points was statistically significant （X^2 = 15.44, P = 0. 000 085 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Anshun city suburb scattered vegetables with only a few levels of overweight is given priority to leaf vegeta- bles, bulb. Environmental air pollution, （ especially in traffic arteries） and pesticide spraying may be the main source of the suburban home- grown vegetables pollution in Anshun.