2014年厦门地区市售牡蛎诺如病毒污染状况调查分析

Investigation and analysis of norovirus contamination in market sale oyster in Xiamen in 2014

目的调查2014年厦门地区市售牡蛎中GⅠ型、GⅡ型诺如病毒的污染状况,为食用诺如病毒污染的牡蛎引起的胃肠炎提供预警信息和防控建议。方法 2014年1月-2014年11月对厦门地区市售牡蛎进行连续采样,利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法对样品中诺如病毒进行检测,确定牡蛎中诺如病毒污染状况及基因型分布状况。结果 198份牡蛎样品中诺如病毒总检出率为22.7%,GⅠ型No Vs检出率为6.1%,GⅡ型No Vs检出率为9.1%,GⅠ型和GⅡ型No Vs同时检出率为7.1%;消化腺中诺如病毒RNA载量水平为400 copy/g^485 000 copy/g,均值为9 500 copy/g。结论 2014年厦门地区市售牡蛎的诺如病毒污染情况较严重,GⅠ型和GⅡ型No Vs均有污染,建议相关部门采取措施,降低人群感染诺如病毒的风险。

Objective To investigate the contamination situation of norovirus G I and norovirus G Ⅱ in market sale oyster in Xiamen in 2014, so as to provide early warning information and suggestions on the prevention and control of gastroenteritis caused by contaminated oysters. Methods From January to November in 2014, continuous sampling market sales of oyster in Xiamen was performed, using real time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect norovir- us in the samples, so as to determine the contamination status and the genotype distribution. Results In the 198 samples of oysters, the total norovirus detection rate was 22.7% （45/198）, G I detection rate wass 6.1% , G Ⅱdetection rate was 9.1% , and the simultaneous detection rate of G I and G Ⅱ was 7.1% ; the total load levels of viral RNA in digestive gland were among 400 copy/g -485 000 copy/g, and the average one was 9 500 copy/g. Conclusion The noroviruses contamination of market sale oysters in Xiamen are heavier in 2014, and both G I contamination and G Ⅱ contamination oecured, so we suggest the rele- vant departments to take measures to reduce the risk of norovirus infection in people.