明前期“相对宽松”的筑城政策探论——以湖广地区为例

Research on the“Relatively Loose”City Walls Building Policy During the Early Ming Dynasty:Focus on Huguang(湖广)

洪武年间,湖广各府级中心城治、西南少数民族等"寇乱"为患地区率皆设立卫所、筑城守御,并辅以巡检司、土司等多重防御力量。在其障护之下,腹里州县安全无虞,实无修固城防之必要。自洪武朝以至宣德朝,湖广地区修筑、维护城池主要限于驻军各地,对于其他众多普通州县并未从严要求,各地不修城的情形相当普遍。正是洪武朝奠定的颇为严密的区域安全防御体系保障了地方安定,为明前期实行这种相对宽松的筑城政策创造了条件。一些学者所谓明代"一贯积极、严厉的"筑城政策似乎并不完全切合明前期的实际。

In the reign of Hongwu （洪武） in the Ming Dynasty, a number of Weisuo （卫所） cit- ies were built in some important Fu, Zhou and Xian （府州县） of the Huguang province （湖广）, where the city walls and moats were built generally. In addition, the administrative regions coupled with a plenty of Xunjiansi （巡检司） which were established widely, brought peace and stability throughout the province. There＇s no need for city walls in the interior Zhou and Xian, thus city walls hadn＇t been built everywhere. In fact, a large number of Zhou and Xian without a military presence were not been required to build and repair city walls during the early Ming Dynasty. Such a compara- tively relaxed policy owed a good deal to the tight defence system established in the reign of Hongwu.