优秀跳水运动员赛前脑功能训练适应状态的量化分析

Quantitative Analysis of Training Adaptive State of Elite Divers Brain Function Prior to Competition

目的:了解跳水运动员赛前运动训练适应状态的特点,探讨其神经生理学特征。方法:利用高级运动训练状态监控仪采集26名备战第12届全国运动会的跳水运动员赛前不同阶段90个样本的脑电(EEG)α波的功率谱值,同时采集其训练计划完成情况等相关数据,采用自组织特征映射(SOM)神经网络聚类分析的方法对其训练适应状态进行分类,并对不同状态运动员的相关指标进行统计分析。结果:优秀跳水运动员的脑电α波功率谱主要集中于10 Hz,国际健将与健将之间的功率值无显著性差异;脑信息熵的变化值与运动成绩的变化值呈中等强度负相关关系(P<0.05);状态一般运动员赛前8 Hz水平显著高于状态优秀运动员(P<0.05),而10 Hz水平显著低于状态优秀运动员(P<0.05)。结论:国际健将与健将之间脑电α波序参量水平差异不显著,无法直接辨别出适应状态的差异;通过脑信息熵的变化可以推测运动员一段时间的运动成绩,即熵值减小,则运动表现更好;SOM聚类分析方法可以将不同训练适应状态的运动员进行分类。

Objective To understand the features of training adaptive state of elite divers brain function before competition. Methods 90 samples of EEG ot wave from 26 elite divers were collected before the 12th National Games. At the same time ,the completion of training plan and performance of the divers were recorded. Neural networks cluster analysis of self-organizing feature map （SOM） was applied to classify the training adaptive state of the divers. Results The EEG α wave of elite divers （including international master sportsman and national master sportsman）was focused on 10 Hz. The changing value of brain information entropy correlated negatively to the performance （P 〈 0.05）. The 8 Hz frequency was more seen and 10 Hz frequency was less seen in average level divers than in elite divers （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions There was no significant difference in training adaptive state among the elite diving athletes. The changing value of brain information entropy could predict the athletic performance of divers in a period of time.