空调病房真菌气溶胶浓度及粒径分布特征

Airborne Fungal Aerosol Concentration and Distribution Characteristics in AirConditioned Wards

医院室内空气真菌污染会影响医护人员、病人及陪护人员的健康，其影响程度不仅与空气真菌的种类和浓度有关，还与真菌气溶胶粒径及分布特征有关，不同粒径的真菌气溶胶影响人体健康的作用机制不同．本研究对重庆某综合医院的普通病房进行空气真菌取样，系统分析了病房空气真菌浓度、种属及粒径分布特征．通过分析实验数据，发现病房空气真菌浓度与病人患病类型及人员密度无关，主要影响因素为温湿度与季节变化．冬夏各科室病房真菌粒径分布特征大致呈正态分布，粒径的百分比从I级～Ⅲ级各级所占比例逐渐增大，Ⅲ级～V级所占比例总体最大，V级～Ⅵ级所占比例逐渐降低．冬夏不同科室病房的空气真菌孢子中值直径没有显著差异，真菌孢子的中值直径小于3．19μm．病房冬夏优势菌属基本相同，主要为青霉属、曲霉属及交链孢霉属，与其它建筑相比并无显著性差异．因此，病房空调系统设计应提高对粒径为1．1～4．7μm真菌孢子的过滤效率，病房的日常卫生维护与空调系统运行管理时应有针对性地选择适宜的抑菌除菌方法和设备．

The effects of airborne fungus on human health in the hospital environment are related to not only their genera and concentrations, but also their particle sizes and distribution characteristics. Moreover, the mechanisms of aerosols with different particle sizes on human health are different. Fungal samples were obtained in medicine wards of Chongqing using a six-stage sampler. The airborne fnngal concentrations, genera and size distributions of all the sampling wards were investigated and identified in detail. Results showed that airborne fungal concentrations were not correlated to the diseases or personnel density, but were related to seasons, temperature, and relative humidity. The size distribution rule had roughly the same for testing wards in winter and summer. The size distributions were not related with diseases and seasons, the percentage of airborne fungal concentrations increased gradually from stage I to stage III, and then decreased dramatically from stage V to stage VI, in general, the size of airborne fungi was a normal distribution. There was no markedly difference for median diameter of airborne fungi which was less 3. 19 μm in these wards. There were similar dominant genera in all wards. They were Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp and Alternaria spp. Therefore, attention should be paid to improve the filtration efficiency of particle size of 1.1-4.7μm for air conditioning system of wards. It also should be targeted to choose appropriate antibacterial methods and equipment for daily hygiene and air conditioning system operation management.