试论我国强制隔离戒毒制度的完善

On the Perfecting of the Compulsive Isolated Drug Rehabilitation in China

随着劳教制度的废止,司法行政机关执行的强制戒毒依然存在,它推行的基本是劳教模式,其对象是吸毒成瘾者,而不是罪犯,所以,劳教戒毒模式将成为人权保护讨论的热点。尽管新的禁毒法确立了新的禁毒工作理念,但强制隔离戒毒工作还存在着诸多问题,如公安强制戒毒所发挥不了戒毒功能,公安和司法分段执行强制隔离戒毒造成资源浪费,戒毒评估由戒毒机构进行会造成不公,戒毒场所还没有脱离劳教模式,等等。结合劳教制度废止这一背景,借鉴境外强制隔离戒毒经验,提出如下对策:撤销公安机关的强制戒毒所,完善戒毒场所的医疗条件和各项设施,建立由第三方进行的成瘾认定和戒毒评估机构。

Although the new ideas of the drug rehabilitation have been established in the drug law,there are some problems in the compulsive isolated drug rehabilitation: the compulsive isolated drug rehabilitation places in the charge of the public security department fail to offer real help to the clients; the execution is dividedly carried out by the public security department and the justice department results in resource-wasting;the practice that drug rehabilitation organizations can evaluate their own performance is unfair; and the mode of the reeducation through labor still is applied in the drug rehabilitation places. Learning from the experience of California Rehabilitation Center,this paper suggests that the compulsive isolated drug rehabilitation places in the charge of the public security department shall be canceled,the medical conditions and other facilities in the rehabilitation places shall be improved,and the third-party drug test institutions and rehabilitation evaluation institutions shall be established.