淀粉合成相关酶启动子的研究进展

Research Progress of Starch Synthesis-Related Enzyme Promoter

淀粉是禾谷类作物子粒中的主要储藏化合物,广泛应用于化工、医药、纺织、造纸和建筑等领域。随着淀粉需求量的急剧增加,如何提高作物淀粉含量及改良淀粉品质是各个领域研究的热点。基因工程技术改良作物具有短时、高效的特点,是目前培育高淀粉品种的重要手段。淀粉合成是个复杂的代谢过程,受多种酶的调节,启动子作为基因表达的重要调控元件,在淀粉合成中起着至关重要的作用。随着基因工程的发展,经常需要高活性、特异性驱动异源蛋白表达的载体,如何选择合适的启动子是驱使外源基因高效、特异表达的关键,也是培育安全转基因作物的首要问题。文中综述了淀粉合成相关酶启动子的研究进展,旨在为从基因调控水平上提高淀粉含量及改良淀粉品质等方面的研究提供理论参考。

Starch is the main storage compound of cereal in grain crops, which is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, papermaking, and construction fields. With the dramatic in- crease in demand for starch, the ways to increase content of starch and improve quality of starch in crops have become hot issues in each research field. Crop improvement by genetic engineering tech- nology is an important means currently used to cultivate high-starch varieties which possess short- time and high-efficiency features. Starch synthesis is a complex metabolic process regulated by a va- riety of enzymes, and promoter is an important regulatory element of gene expression, which plays a vital role in starch synthesis. With the development of genetic engineering, more heterologous ex- pression vectors that can express a high level or specificity are often needed. Therefore, how to choose an appropriate promoter is the key to drive exogenous gene to express with high efficiency and specificity.It is also a chief issue to cultivate safety transgenic plants. In this paper, research pro- gress of starch synthesis-related enzyme promoter was reviewed to provide theoretical reference for re- searches on increasing content of starch and improving quality of starch from the level of gene regula- tion.