不同生产模式下人参土壤肥力评价

Integrated Evaluation of Soil Fertility of Panax ginseng under Different Cultivation Modes

为了解不同生长模式下人参土壤肥力差异,对不同生产模式下人参(野山参、林下参、农田栽参)土壤养分、土壤容重、酶活性及微生物群落结构进行了研究,并应用数值化方法综合评价了人参土壤肥力。结果表明:不同生产模式下人参土壤养分和微生物群落组成存在差异(P<0.05),野山参土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、全磷含量最高,林下参次之,农田栽参最低,其中野山参土壤有机质含量是农田栽参土壤的10.027倍;不同生产模式下土壤容重和酶活性差异不明显。利用相关系数法确定不同指标的权重系数,其中总生物量权重系数最高,为8.118,有效钾最低,为2.000。利用权重系数和肥力指标隶属度值得到土壤肥力综合评价指标值,其中野山参土壤肥力最高,为72.701,林下参次之,为58.590,农田栽参最低,为29.978,三者差异显著(P<0.05)。通过对不同生产模式下人参土壤肥力评价可知,野山参土壤肥力最高,适宜人参生长,农田栽参最差,评价结果与实际情况相吻合。

Quantitative evaluation of soil fertility quality of soil nutrients, soil bulk, soil enzyme, and soil microbial community in soil of wild ginseng （WG） , understory wild ginseng （UWG） and farmland ginseng（ FG）was carried out with the IFI method （soil fertility integrated index） for com- prehending the difference of soil fertility under different cultivation modes. Results showed that con-- tent of soil nutrients and soil microbial community was different （P〈0. 05） , however, difference of content of soil bulk and soil enzyme was not significant among different cultivation modes. Content of soil organic matter, total N and toal P was the highest in wild ginseng and was the lowest in under- story wild ginseng. Content of soil organic matter in wild ginseng was 10. 027 times as much as farm- land ginseng. To determine weighting coefficient of different indices by correlation coefficient meth- od, weighting coefficient of soil total biomass was the highest （ 8. 118） and weighting coefficient of soil available kalium was the lowest （ 2. 000）. By weighting coefficient and fertility index member- ship function, integrated evaluation index value of soil fertility was obtained, that of wild ginseng soil was the highest （72. 701 ）, that of understory wild ginseng was the second （58. 590） , that of farmland was the lowest （29. 978）, and the differences of the value among three cultivation modes were significant （P〈0. 05）. Soil fertility of wild ginseng was most suitable for ginseng growth and the most unfavorable growth was in farmland ginseng soil based on quantitative evaluation of soil fertility quality. The evaluation results show an acceptable agreement with ginseng production practice and can provide scientific guidance for farmland ginseng soil improvement and understory ginseng soil nurturing.