氮钾配施对吉林省湿润冷凉区玉米产量及钾素吸收积累的影响

Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Interaction on Yield and Accumulation of Spring Maize in Cold and Humid Region of Jilin Province

采用田间试验的方法,研究了不同氮钾肥配施对吉林省湿润冷凉区玉米产量及植株钾素吸收积累动态变化的影响。结果表明:在磷肥施用量相同(P2O5200 kg/hm2)的条件下,适宜的氮钾配施可显著提高玉米产量,氮、钾对玉米产量的影响效果表现为N>K;植株钾素积累量随植株生长呈现先增加后降低的趋势,氮钾配施处理植株钾素积累量均高于单施氮肥或钾肥处理,其中氮钾配施量为N 300 kg/hm2、K2O 200 kg/hm2时植株钾素积累量最大,为372.4 kg/hm2;适宜的氮钾配施可提高植株生长前期钾素吸收速率和阶段积累量,并使生育后期阶段积累量维持在较高水平,且可获得较高的钾肥利用率、钾吸收效率和钾肥偏生产力。综合考虑产量和钾素吸收利用效率等因素,吉林省湿润冷凉区在施P2O5200 kg/hm2条件下,施N 300 kg/hm2,配施K2O 200 kg/hm2,即可获得较高的钾吸收利用效率,也可获得较高的产量,可达12.04 t/hm2。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen and potassium interaction on yield and plant potassium accumulation dynamic changes of spring maize in cold and humid re- gion in Jilin province. The results showed that the appropriate N and K combinative applications in- creased the yield of maize significantly under the same condition of P （P2O5 200 kg/hm2）. The effect level of N and K fertilizer on yield was N〉K. Potassium accumulation in plants with plant growth increased at first and then decreased and that of N and K combinative applications was higher than that of simple N or K fertilizer. Among all treatments, the N 300 kg,/hm2 and K2O 200 kg/hm2 achieved the maximum K plant accumulations of 372.4 kg/hm2. The appropriate N and K combina-tive applications can also improve K accumulation and potassium absorption rate during the early stage of growth, keep it in a higher level in the late growth stage and achieve higher KFE, KUPE and PFPK than other treatments. Considering the yield and K accumulation efficiency parameters and other factors, in cold wet spring maize area of Jilin, under the application of P2O5 200 kg / hm2 conditions, the application of N 300 kg / hm2, together with K2O 200 kg / hm2, can also guarantee higher potassium absorption and utilization efficiency and a higher yield of 12.04 t/hm2