人甲型H7N9禽流感全病毒灭活疫苗和裂解疫苗在小鼠中的免疫原性研究

Study on immunogenicity of inactivated whole virion and split human avian influenza A （H7N9） vaccines in mice

目的比较人甲型H7N9禽流感全病毒灭活疫苗和裂解疫苗在小鼠中的免疫原性，为该疫苗的类型选择提供初步依据。方法采用相同血凝素含量（5μg）的H7N9全病毒灭活和裂解疫苗（含或不含氢氧化铝佐剂共4种类型），分别对BALB／c小鼠进行1针或2针免疫。免疫后，用血凝抑制（hemagglutination inhibition，HI）试验检测血清抗体滴度，比较不同类型疫苗的免疫效果。结果小鼠免疫1针全病毒灭活疫苗后，全部血清阳转，HI抗体几何平均滴度（geometricmeantiter，GMT）为149；免疫2针后，抗体GMT为243。小鼠免疫1针裂解疫苗后无抗体阳转；免疫2针后全部抗体阳转，GMT为139。两种疫苗添加铝佐剂后，诱导的HI抗体GMT仅略有增加。结论H7N9全病毒灭活疫苗在小鼠中的免疫原性较强。在同样类型和剂量的情况下，裂解疫苗需要免疫两次才能达到与全病毒疫苗相同的效果。铝佐剂对免疫原性提升不明显。

Objective To evaluate immunogenicity of different types of human avian influenza A （H7N9） vaccines in mice. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with 5 p.g hemagglutinin of different types of H7N9 vaccines （inactivated whole virion and split, with Or without aluminum adjuvant） by a single dose or two doses. Antibody responses of mice were measured by hemagglutination inhibition （HI） assay. Results Seroconversion was achieved in all mice by injection of one-dose inactivated whole virion vaccine, with the geometric mean titers （GMTs） of HI antibody reaching 149 and reaching 243 after two doses. However, no seroconversion was observed in mice after one-dose split vaccine. Two injections of the split vaccine were necessary for seroconversion in all mice, with GMT of HI antibody being 139. For both types of vaccines, aluminum adjuvant increased antibody GMTs slightly. Conclusions The immunogenicity of the inactivated whole virion vaccine is better than that of the split vaccine. The immunological effect of two-dose split vaccine is equivalent to that of one-dose whole virion vaccine. Aluminum adjuvant does not enhance immunogenicity significantly.