“基督教化的斯多亚主义”与功利主义精神——论弗兰西斯·哈奇森的自然情感理论

“Christianized Stoicism”Ethics and the Spirit of Utilitarianism——On the significance of Hutcheson's natural affection theory

休谟和斯密的光芒有时竟遮蔽了苏格兰启蒙运动的全景,以致弗兰西斯·哈奇森的思想一直未受学界充分的重视。韦伯为解释新教伦理与资本主义精神的关系,考察了"天职"这一概念;同样,弗兰西斯·哈奇森在"基督教化的斯多亚主义"伦理与功利主义精神之间也完成了一个切换:提出了以自然性情(包括道德感在内)这一新的人学建构理论。"基督教化的斯多亚主义"伦理是苏格兰启蒙运动思想家们的基本特征。从"遵循自然"到"遵循自然情感"的新的心灵构造、自然情感和人的社会本性学说,为从注重自控与内在自由的斯多亚主义向动机论的功利主义之公共福利与进取精神的过渡提供了基础。

The shine of Hume and Smith may sometimes obscure the panorama of the Scottish Enlightenment,so that Hutcheson s thought is not being fully considered. Max Weber, in order to interpreter the relationship between the Protestant Ethics and the spirit of the Capitalism,revealed the concept of Calling;likewise Hutcheson has accomplished a shift between“Christianized Stoicism“Ethics and the spirit of Utilitarianism：presented a new science of human nature at the core of natural affection,moral sense theory included. However,many classical Scottish moralists are characterized with the tendency of“Christianized Stoicism“Ethics. From“Following Na-ture to“Following Natural Affection ,thus new constitution of human mind,natural affection,and human s sociability provide a solid foundation for the channel from Stoicism stressing on self-command and inward freedom to Utilitarianism stressing on public welfare and aggressiveness.