优质犏牛生产杂交组合试验研究

Crossbreeding combinations for the production of high quality cattle-yak

针对三元杂交优质犏牛生产杂交组合单一,三元杂交后代母犏牛无法持续利用等问题,开展了优质犏牛生产的杂交组合试验研究。通过研究提出了4个新的优质犏牛生产杂交组合:娟姗牛♂(细管冻精)×牦牛♀、西黄♂×牦牛♀、西黄♂×荷黄犏♀、荷黄♂×西黄犏♀;这4个杂交组合获得的后代中,娟犏和西黄犏生长发育、产奶性能都极显著的优于纯种牦牛,研究提出的西黄♂×牦♀繁殖成活率高,杂交后代生长发育快、产奶性能高。持续利用的西黄♂×荷黄犏♀和荷黄♂×西黄犏♀组合繁殖成活率较高,后代生长发育较快,具有明显的杂种优势,可持续利用一代。

To overcome the complication of crossbreeding combinations used in the production of high quality cattle-yak and the unsustainability of female cattle-yak offspring of a three-way crossbreed,closer investigation of crossbreeding combinations was undertaken. Herein,four new crossbreeding combinations were used to produce high quality cattle-yak： Jersey♂（ frozen semen） × yak♀,Simmental-Yellow cattle♂（ Simmental♂ × Yellow cattle♀） × yak♀,Simmental-Yellow cattle♂（ Simmental♂ × Yellow cattle♀） × Holstein-Yellow cattle-yak♀（ F1（ Holstein♂ × Yellow cattle♀） ♂ × yak♀）,and Holstein-Yellow cattle- yak♂ × Simmental-Yellow cattle-yak♀（ F1（ Simmental♂ × Yellow cattle♀） ♂ × yak♀）. Among the offspring generated from these combinations,growth performance and milk production of Jersey-yak and Simmental-Yellow cattle-yak were significantly better than those of pure yak. The reproductive survival of Simmental- Yellow cattle♂ × yak♀ offspring was high,and the growth rate and milk production was high. The reproductive survival of the Simmental-Yellow cattle- yak ♂ × Holstein-Yellow cattle-yak ♀ and Holstein-Yellow cattle-yak ♂ × Simmental-Yellow cattle-yak ♀ combinations was relatively high with obvious heterosis which could be used for next generation.