茂名市2011～2013年其他感染性腹泻流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Maoming city from 2011 to 2013

目的分析茂名市2011~2013年其他感染性腹泻（除霍乱、痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒）的流行病学特征,为今后制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法收集疾病监测信息报告系统中茂名市2011~2013年其他感染性腹泻的病例报告,对其流行病学及病原学信息进行描述性分析。结果茂名市2011~2013年共报告其他感染性腹泻病例7 515例,年发病率为2011年3.29/10万、2012年3.75/10万、2013年5.56/10万,呈逐年上升趋势;发病年龄主要集中在〈5岁的婴幼儿,占病例数的69.62%（5 232/7 515）;散居儿童报告病例数最多,占全部报告病例的70.43%（5 293/7 515）;各地区平均年发病率之间差异有统计学意义（χ2=248 237.13,P〈0.01）;每年12月份和次年1月份为发病高峰。实验室诊断病例占全部报告病例的29.27%。结论其他感染性腹泻好发于秋冬季,其高危人群为散居儿童,病例报告和病原学诊断率低。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea other than cholera,dysentery,typhoid and paratyphoid（hereinafter referred to as other infectious diarrhea） in Maoming from 2011 to 2013 andprovide basis for working out prevention and control measures. Methods Data of cases with other infectious diarrhea from2011 to 2013 were collected from＂National Disease Reporting Information System＂and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.Results A total of 7 515 patients with other infectious diarrhea were reported during 2011-2013 with the annual incidencesrates of 3.29/100 000,3.75/100 000,5.56/100 000,presenting an upward trend year by year. The other infectious diarrheamainly occurred among children under five years old,accounting for 69.62% of all cases.Most patients were scattered children,accounting for 70.43%. The average annual incidence rates of other infectious diarrhea in different areas were significantlydifferent（χ2=248 237.13,P〈0.01）. The epidemic peaks of the disease appeared in December and January. Only 29.27% ofthe cases were laboratory confirmed.Conclusion Other infectious diarrhea mainly occurred during autumn and winter.Emphasis should be laid on scattered children and the reporting rate and etiological diagnosis rate should be increased tocontrol the prevalence of other infectious diarrhea in Maoming city.