广东省2012年中小学生医院伤害监测结果分析

Study of injury surveillance among part of primary and middle student in Guangdong Province in 2012

目的掌握广东省中小学生伤害的流行特征,为指导中小学校开展学生伤害预防与控制工作提供依据。方法在广东省7个市县抽取19家医院作为哨点医院,研究对象为2012年1月1日—12月31日因伤害首次到哨点监测医院就诊的6-18岁中小学生。结果 2012年广东省中小学生发生伤害患者共计17 923例,男女性别比为2.36∶1。伤害发生的原因前5位依次为跌倒/坠落（8 951例）、动物伤（3 144例）、道路交通伤害（2 294例）、钝器伤（1 546例）、刀/锐器伤（1 287例）,分别占总伤害的49.94%,17.54%,12.80%,8.63%,7.18%。伤害发生地点前3位依次为家中（5 398例）、学校与公共场所（5 083例）、公路/街道（3 556例）,分别占总伤害构成的30.12%,28.36%,19.84%。前3位伤害发生时活动依次为休闲活动（68.17%）、体育活动（11.50%）、驾乘交通工具（10.23%）。伤害以非故意（96.12%）为主。伤害部位以上肢为主,占34.50%;87.21%的伤害患者为轻度损伤;90%以上的伤害病例就诊后回家。5月、7—10月伤害发生较多,占全年的37.88%。每天发生伤害患者数以16：00—20：00较多,占43.30%。结论广东省学生伤害不容忽视,重点应放在跌倒/坠落和动物伤的预防与控制。

Objective To master the prevalence of injury among primary and middle school students of Guangdong Province. Methods 19 hospitals from 6 surveillance points were selected according to Program of the Chinese National Injury Surveillance and Handbook of the Chinese National Injury Surveillance, the students of injury patients visited for the first time were collected from surveillance points in 2012. Results 17 923 injure cases of primary and middle students were collected, the number of male cases were more than females （ 2.36 ： 1 ）. The five main causes of injury were falls （ 8 951 cases ） , animal injury 13 144 cases ）, road traffic injury （ 2 294 cases） , blunt injury （ 1 546 cases ）, and knife/sharp injury （ 1 287 cases ）, accounted for 49.94% , 17.54% , 12.80% , 8.63% , 7.18% , respectively. Three major places where injuries occurred were home l5 398 cases） , school and public place（ 5 083 cases） , road/street（ 3 556 cases ） , accounted for 30.12% , 28.36% , 19.84% , respective- ly. Recreation activities（68.17%） , sports activities （ 11.50% ） and driving of vehicle （ 10.23% ） were the major activities when injuries took place, accounting for 89.90% of all injury cases. Most injury cases were unintentional （ 96.12% ）. The most common injured positions were the upper limbs （34.50% ）. Approximately 87.21% of the patients had minor injury. More than 90% of those who were injured went back home. The peak of injury occurrence were May, August to October in a year, accounted for 37.88% , and the peak time were 16：00-20：00 in a day, accounted for 43.30%. Conclusion Injury among primary and middle school＇s students is non-trivial matter, prevention towards falls and animal injury should be prioritized.