鄱阳湖低水位对环湖区农业灌溉的影响分析

Analysis of influence of low water level of Poyang Lake on around-lake agricultural irrigation

近年来，鄱阳湖水系受入湖径流量减少、三峡水库蓄水以及人类活动等多种因素影响，出现了枯水时间提前、水位偏低、持续时间延长等现象，对湖区农业灌溉产生了较大影响。为分析鄱阳湖水位降低对农业灌溉的影响，分别根据历史水文资料和农业灌溉资料，分析了三峡水库蓄水前后鄱阳湖代表站的水位变化情况和农业用水情况，尤其是9-10月份灌溉用水高峰期的水位变化情况和用水情况。分析结果表明，环湖区取水口2003-2012年9-10月水位与1953-2002年同期水位相比，降低明显，导致工程运行费增大、取水量减少甚至无水可取，给湖区农业造成严重影响。为切实解决鄱阳湖低枯水位引起的问题，应加快推进鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程建设，采取“调枯不调洪”的运行方式，保持枯水期水位相对稳定。

In recent years, influenced by the incoming water reduction, TGP reservoir impoundment and human activities etc. , the phenomenon such as the early low water level period in dry season, relative low water level, dry season duration exten-sion etc. in the Poyang Lake region appeared, which affected the agriculture irrigation in the lake region. To analyze the influ-ence of low dry water level on the agriculture irrigation, by using the historical hydrological and agriculture irrigation data, the water level variation of a typical water level station and the situation of agriculture water use, especially in peak period from Sep-tember to October, are analyzed. The results show that the water level in September and October of water intakes around the lake from 2003 to 2012 were obviously lower than that from 1953 to 2002, causing the increase of operation cost, reduction of water intake quantity, even no water available, which affected the agriculture production in the lake region. Therefore, the construction of Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Project must be accelerated to regulate the water regime in dry season, so as to maintain the water level in dry season relatively stable.