国际生产分割、中间投入品进口和出口产品质量

International Production Division,Intermediate Inputs Import and the Quality of a Firm's Exports

在生产链条高度细分的全球化背景下,中国提高国际生产分割的融入程度是否能提高企业的出口产品质量呢?研究表明,国际生产分割比例与我国企业出口产品质量的提升之间存在倒U形关系,即单纯地进口国外的高质量中间投入品或单纯地引进技术对我国企业出口产品质量的提升存在"拐点"。在产品水平质量差异很大的行业中,企业使用外国中间投入品对企业出口产品质量的提升幅度要小于产品水平质量差异小的行业。在加工贸易方式下,国际生产分割比例越高,企业使用来自OECD国家的中间投入品则越多,其出口的产品质量也就越高。为了中国外贸的转型升级,政府不仅要鼓励企业进口国外高质量的中间投入品,更重要地是要推动本国生产零部件等中间投入品的企业的自主创新;鼓励企业增加R&D和技术方面的投资,并升级整个供应商体系和下游的生产商体系,从而改善本国中间投入产品质量。

In the context of globalization with highly fragmented production chains,can the deepening of Chinese blending into international production division help to improve the quality of a firm＇s exports fundamentally？ It shows that there is an inverted Ushape relationship between the proportion of international production division and the improvement of the quality of a firm＇s exports,namely there exists a ＂turning point＂between simple import of high-quality intermediate inputs or pure technology introduction and the enhancement of the quality of exports by Chinese enterprises.In industries with great differences in product quality,the positive effect of more foreign intermediate inputs on the improvement of the quality of a firm＇s exports is stronger than the one in industries with small differences in product quality.In the processing trade,higher proportion of international production division leads to higher quality of a firm＇s exports owing to more intermediate inputs from OECD countries.In order to upgrade China＇s foreign trade,it is necessary for governments to encourage enterprises to import foreign high-quality intermediate inputs,promote autonomous innovation on domestic intermediate inputs like components and parts,increase investment in RD and technology,and upgrade entire suppliers system and downstream manufacturers system,so as to improve the quality of domestic intermediate inputs.