宁乌尔塔神话——两河文明征服开发周围区的象征表达

The Myths of Ninurta Symbolizing the Conquests and Developments of Mesopotamia to the Surrounding Areas

两河流域文明的神话是人类最古老的神话遗产,其中的宁乌尔塔神话占有重要地位。本文梳理并释读了现存关于这位大神的楔文泥板文学作品,对这位兼具毁灭的战神和开发的农神两种形象的大神之身份、地位、故事进行了详尽的分析,在透视其破除旧的原始部落文明,建立奴隶制文明作用的基础上,指出了其似乎矛盾身份背后的统一性。此外,本文通过对宁乌尔塔神话中的故事背景、地域、情节和物质的探讨,展现并分析了两河流域文明通过对其周边地区进行征服、原材料贸易、发展水利和农牧业开发等活动,在西亚地区文明冲突与交流方面发挥中心辐射作用的基本事实。

Among the Mesopotamian deities, Nin-urta plays an important role. This article sorts out the related stories recorded in the existing ancient cuneiform clay tablets, and analyzes the apparently contradictory properties of the War God of destruction and Saturnalia of exploitation of Nin-urta's identity and status. This article also investigates the background, geography, plots and materials of the Nin-urta's myths, and points out that the Mesopotamian civilization played a role of the center radiation effects and made great contributions to the development of the Western Asian civilizations.