论行政行为的违法性继承

On the Illegality Inheritance in the Administrative Action

若两个行政行为之间存在法定的先后关系,在先行行为无法争讼后,能否在后续行为的撤销诉讼中主张审查先行行为的合法性,这就是行政行为的违法性继承问题。固然可以通过立法明确禁止在后续行为中审查先行行为的合法性、或者灵活运用救济时效的例外事由允许直接针对先行行为提起撤销诉讼,但法院始终都可能直面违法性继承问题。公定力与不可争力因仅针对行政行为的效果而言,故而均不构成承认违法性继承的障碍。违法性继承论应作为行政救济法上的问题来理解,其实质在于私人权利救济的必要性与先行行为的法安定性需求之间的权衡问题。在先行行为的权利保障程序并不充分、安定性需求不甚强烈的情况下,法院可给违法性的继承论作出肯定的回答,拓宽私人权利救济的可能性。

The question of illegality inheritance in the administrative action is that whether courts can review the legality of foregoing administrative action in the litigation to revoke of succeeding action after foregoing administrative action cannot be sued. Although laws may forbid the judicial review,although to sue foregoing action may be directly admitted by the flexible application of exception reasons of limitations,courts have always the chance to confront the question of inheritance of illegality. The public decided force and indisputable force are related with effects of administrative action,so they do not become the obstacle to review the legality of foregoing action. The essence of illegality inheritance is a problem of administrative remedy law to balance between the necessary of private right relief and the legal stability of foregoing action. If foregoing procedure to protect private rights is not adequate and the need of legal stability is not high,courts can give a positive answer to the theory of illegality inheritance so as to broaden the possibility of private right relief.